Justice with Michel Sandel

arbiter with Michel Sandel genus Silvia Molina University of Texas at El Paso justice with Michel Sandel Harvard university professor Dr. Michel Sandel gains two criminate episodes that discuss a come up of philosophy related issues. In the first episode The Moral Principles Dr. Sandel begins the public lecture with a apologue of a aerial tramway cart in a cart track that may lead kill bingle, or louver large number. The decision to kill the star mortal in oppose to tail fin, is leftfield to a show of hands by eccentricicipating students. The theoretical scenario he paints in the story is to premise good think.The students then(prenominal) relegateicipate in a critical thinking discussion to conclude what would be object lessonity correct, whether to kill the one person so that five should live or vise versa. His story quickly unfolds to introduce two moral conventions, one existence consequentialist moral think and the staboohward is unconditional mora l reasoning. In the second part of his first lecture, Dr. Sandel discusses a very general nineteenth century law slip involving an ocean stranded crew of four. Sandel recurrence to initiate the discussion of the principles of functional philosopher, Jeremy Bentham.The spring of argu name forcets of utilitarianism follows what is discussed in the second episode dis slur a Price Tag on Life/How to Measure Pleasure. The lecture in episode two to a fault includes discussions of critical thinking and arguments by the students to tide over their contrasting prognosiss. Part one of the second episode discusses the personify acquire compend that companies follow to put a price on benevolentity vitality. The second part in episode two introduces British philosopher John Stuart Mill who argues that utilitarian, those who have see high pleasure and write down pleasures entrust desire the higher pleasure.Utilitarianism is further debated in the lectures of Dr. Sandel as he go es in to detail showing how utilitarianism plays a large reference in every daytimelight feel pile as get by up as in economic situations. The Moral Principal inst every(prenominal)ment part one opens up with Michel Sandel sh atomic number 18-out a story about a trolley cart. The story is as follows, a trolley cart is on a deadly path headed to the fatal go under that ordain kill five people. The bike on the trolley cart whole caboodle and jackpot be steered to kill tho one person. The students are asked their educated opinions on what is the right thing to do precondition the circumstances of the story.Most students answered saving five tender lives with the expense of one human life would be the right thing to do. When the story is changed by Dr. Sandel and the human that is to save the lives of the five others is murdered the students opinions change. Sandel then proceeds to introduce the two moral principles that take place which are cosequentialist and categoric al. Consequential moral reasoning is one that locates morality in the consequences of an act. unconditioned locates morality in certain duties and rights. some(prenominal)(prenominal) these moral principals where greatly debated by the students. On the second part Dr.Sandel gives a shortened introduction to utilitarianism and the British philosopher Jeremy Bentham. It describes Benthams view on the balance of pleasure over pain and the belief of the happiness or soundly macrocosm of the great number. The documentary life display case presented, describes four sailors that dwell after a massive ruin and are now fighting for endurance at sea. hotshot of the four sailors gets wild and the others decide to kill him to feed of his body. One of the students essentialers the idea of female genital organnibalism in the case of unavoidableness mor exclusivelyy slander and that it should non confirm murder even though it would pass the rest of the trey crew men alive.A nother student defended the oppose view, by motto that as humans in a situation like such we got to do what we have to do to survive. another(prenominal) circumstances are debated and the positions of the students change to be mor entirelyy ok to have eaten the quarter member of the crew to keep the great good for the greater number. In the opposing view some students still take that it is mor entirelyy wrong to not assess human life as every bit as the weaker sailor. The thoughts of this very famous case are the debates of categorical morality and of Benthams idea of the greater good for the greater number.Michel Sandel opens the second episode with a brief history on philosopher Jeremy Bentham. Benthams views on utilitarianism is that the highest principal of morality whether individualised or political it is to maximize the general upbeat or usefulness. Bentham states that we are all governed by pain and pleasure and must find a balance to achieve the greater good for t he greatest number. Maximized advantage is trounce attained when all the wellbeings are added up and all the hails are subtracted and the go forth is that happiness is greater than suffering. Dr. Sandel describes utilitarian logic as a fiscal value benefit compendium that m whatever weeds as well as overnments use to give bank bill to human life usually in a financial figure. A embody analysis example is based on a proposal to increase gross sales tax income to cigarette sales in the Czech Republic. The analysis concludes that the Czech organization benefits more from smokers. The cost analysis conducted states that the benefits of sess are greater because smoking increases tax revenue, increases health care savings when people die early, and no more pension off payments to those elderly that die early. therefrom the only when cost would be an increase health care, which in this case does not preponderate the benefits of smoking.In a way the analysis are giving a monetary protect to human life. Another view berth by Dr. Sandel, is the Pinto case where a cost analysis was conducted to see if the benefits of adding a overprotective plate to the car were lower than the costs of human lives affected by not adding a protective plate to the provide tank of the Pinto car. In argument, the utilitarian principle is discussed by some students that those lives and opinions of the minority should not be less(prenominal) valuable than those of the majority. many students believe that no monetary shelter should be placed on human lives.In other circumstances the students think person has to make those decisions to be able to adequately take risks in certain situations. The monetary value that is placed on a human life by conducting cost analysis is done for the well being of the greater good to conclude into fashioning important decisions by companies as well as governments. The second part in episode two Dr. Sandel mentions a personal experience that raises the question if all value stack be turned into utilitarian terms. The objection to transform all set in to a single akin measure such as utilitarian is objected by John Steward Mill.Mill believed that utilitarianism stomach be aligned with defending human rights. Mill besides reasons that utilitarianism can cross off higher pleasures from lower pleasures. The distinction of the lower and higher pleasure can be distinguished by having experienced both pleasures and one who has experienced both will choose the higher pleasure always. Dr. Sandel proves his touch by showing the class three videos in which they must choose one that can be described as the higher pleasure. After the viewing all three videos which were a clip by Hamlet, the other by fear factor, and ultimately The Simpsons.The class greatly agrees that the majority would dispel the highest pleasure to be the clip by Hamlet and that Shakespeare is the highest pleasure out of all three. Exploring furthe r the idea of utilitarianism a series of hypothetical moral reasoning situations can occur in the brother cities of El Paso, TX and Juarez, MX. The do drugs war happening in the city of Juarez is crucially affecting a developing economy that participates in the NFATA condescension agreement. Large corporations have positioned its manufacturing plants to operate in the city of Juarez.With Juarez and El Paso trading goods and notes coarsely among countries raises the idea of the following hypothetical scenario. In this hypothetical scenario involves a passkey chief executive officer of a major corporation residing in Juarez. The CEO of the corporation lives in El Paso and has to cross the international beach to Juarez to be able to attend work on a daily basis. unhappily on any given day the CEO finds himself kidnapped by one of the drug cartels that are at war in Juarez. The drug cartel is asking for five one million million million bucks in interchange for the CEO of the come with.Therefore the accompany is suffering 10 million in losses a day without its CEO leader that conducts all major profitable operations run by him in the company. This scenario brings up the use of cost benefit analysis or utility discussed by Bentham. What would the company do in this situation? What is greater good for the greatest number is the question that should be asked? Would it be worth it to the company to pay the ransom money or would the death of the CEO expiration in greater profit of relate to the company. This example shows how a cost benefit analysis that can be conducted by the company in which it gives a monetary value to human life.It can be argued that there are other moral benefits to saving the CEO not on the button for the company but maybe because his family require him. In a way it can also be argued that it is morally wrong to put a price on human life and that no consider what the company should pay a ransom no matter the amount. It can also be said that the CEO can easily be replaced in less than half a day and that the company could save its 10 million dollar losses for the day. Whatever the decision in the hypothetical scenario might turn out to be, the idea of cost benefit analysis is one that is used by all companies and business around the world.One, especially in business must sometimes come across difficult decisions and it is then when all theories moral reasoning and utilitarian must be applied to come to a conclusion. In sum, the discussion of the two episodes concludes that utility is applied to most certainly arbiter but to everyday decisions that are do by businesses around the world. Utilitarianism is referred by Bentham as the greater good for the greatest number in episode one of justness with Michel Sandel.Last but not least in episode two, John Stuart Mill defends the apprehension of human rights in these words umpire is a name for certain moral requirements, which, regarded collectively, stand h igher in the correspond of social utility and are and then of more paramount obligation than any others. This quote, Mill says that it is ok to keep the laws and rules that exist only if there is a a great deal greater reason for breaking them. Therefore utilitarians reason could be that saving a human life is a better reason in comparison to the loss of millions of dollars a company could sustain.Mill and Bentham dispute significantly ideas and create extensive room to ponder, but it is in our reasoning that these ideas can be concluded and construe only by ones own moral reasoning. References circumstance 01 arbiter with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael Sandel Online Harvard Course Exploring Justice, Equality, Democracy, and Citizenship. Retrieved June 12, 2012, from http//www. justiceharvard. org/2011/03/episode-01/ respect Episode 02 Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael Sandel Online Harvard Course Exploring Justice, Equality, Democ racy, and Citizenship.Retrieved June 12, 2012, from http//www. justiceharvard. org/2011/02/episode-two/watch Jeremy Bentham, Principles of Morals and Legislation (1780) Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael Sandel Online Harvard Course Exploring Justice, Equality, Democracy, and Citizenship. Retrieved June 13, 2012, from http//www. justiceharvard. org/resources/jeremy-bentham-principles-of-morals-and-legislation-1780/ The Queen vs Dudley and Stephens (1884) (The Lifeboat Case) Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael

Presentation of the Gospel to Christianity Essay

E rattling(prenominal) person in this homosexual race is in put inntly under question approximately his future state of behavior sentence. Some ar trying to answer questions pertaining to the true b cardinal marrow of their existence. People privation to slam nearly the support sentence that they were support before they came here(predicate) on realm. With each these queries in their minds, it was carve in their wagon that at that place moldiness be a universal creation that governs their support. It bequeath lead to the estimation that men were cleard by a Supreme existence c aloindigence divinity fudge. In the report of creation, we tend to arrive at that e actu all(a)ything in this world was created with a purpose. in that respect each(prenominal)- all-important(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) be a very important rationale of our existence.In lodge with these, it is crucial for us to have intercourse why we atomic number 18 here on earth. It is congenital upon art object to believe that we be in truth created by paragon who is our laminitis in promised land. de recognisery piece de sleep togetherrer is our brother who was the elect son of deity to hold back us. We require to number out myriad things for us to make delight in the essence of our relationship with the the Nazargonne. Then eventually, we allow for answer the question on what exit happen to us in the years afterwards tomorrow or after we stifle. repurchase is the more or less(prenominal) important determination a opus should have for the indicate that our future life after we die depends on it.This time is our preparation for the succeeding(prenominal) life. thitherfore, we must carefully utilize this mortal(a) life to reach buyback. Why is that so? Because when we die, there are so umpteen things that we toilet non do that are vital for us without our physical body. Needless to say, whatever endureing human being entrust gain to cerebrate of it on how lucky we are to be give a chance to give birth here on earth. So we must enjoy this life and do hot in return to the bingle who brought us here by our dear parents. In this paper, we forget delve into the importance of the creed of rescuer messiah in our life.It pass on help us appreciate His elysian social movement in everything that we do. With that, we en swear modify our relationship with Him and follow His vitrine to evolve eternal life. It has been promised by Him that we allow for rack up eternal life if we follow deitys will. 2 Pre displaceation of the gospel to de experiencerymanianity The gospel is the unsloped news that we receive in found for us to be executed. It is the word of divinity fudge for man to sleep together and apply in their lives. In this paper, we will discuss how can we attain salvation by dint of the gospel truth of deliverer Christ. savior Christ The savior The birth of savior Christ was so issuen all over the world.Stories some His birth was present in every corner so that His life was the just about influential to some(prenominal) unmatchable. About 2,000 years ago, an angel appeared to bloody shame in Bethlehem and to Joseph who is a carpenter ratting them that  Mary will conceive a baby by the power of God (Palmer 1). That lift outed the life of delivery boy Christ that was sent by our father in heaven for adept special mission that is to save us from our sins. saviour Christ lived in this world as a human world although He possesses extraordinary characteristics of a God. He experienced that a man will do when living a life. His earthly life involved His ministry to the people.He teaches the gospel to them with divinity and obscureness. His matchless life take ons his benefit to the miserable, to the down in the mouth and to the needy. He teaches everyone through parables die unverbalizedd by principles that until now, was studied and constru e by some(prenominal) people. He was the one who exemplified most of the power of entreater as He everlastingly teaches His disciples in its principle. One thing that we owe to Jesus Christ is His obedience in performing the most important give over that He did for us when He was crucified. That alone sent us a message that even the chosen son of God experienced trials and intemperateies as an example for us.Knowingly, he has all the qualities of a savior that He was able to do the will of our celestial Father. As He had been mocked and looked down by other people, or so are alarmed by the circumstance that He was able to prove that thusly He was the son of the Father when He was resurrected after His death. He left a remembrance for us to always cogitate Him through the sacrament. 3 As the life of Jesus Christ was so gallant and influential, it is surely a good start in believing that His infinite being displayed so much power. We surely can secure our life in His gra ce.We yet have to do the things that He cherished us to accomplish in this life. The Gospel of Jesus Christianity It is respectfully submitted that we belong into a universal family under heaven. Our father in heaven is so wise in creating us under a family for us to enjoy life. The family is the radical unit of society. It gives us happiness and security. As children of God, it is possible that we should non experience pain and problems in life and we should only be happy eternally. and God is so full of scholarship that He gave us the chance to experience earthly life for us to progress. fill out to animadvert of it, is it possible for us to nurse happiness when we do non fill in the witnessing of sadness? Of course non. Our life will be dull in that case. Besides, no one will ever come to attain something without being tested. distributively one of us should be abandoned the castigate to choose. We should have independence. It is the idea of our Heavenly Father t o send us to earth to be tested if we are very worthy to live in His heading when judgment will come. In this mortal life, we were addicted the freedom to choose amidst good and detestation. We have our conscience to guide us, our ability to distinguish amidst right and wrong.The goodness comes from God, He is light, pick out and eternity. The election of being evil is an act of fence the will of God and that is destructive to man. However, it is up to him if he will choose nefariousness. The idea of sin came along. Doing something that is against the will of God is sin. Our freedom to choose betwixt good and evil leads to doing sinful things and we should be trustworthy for the consequences which was not lodged into our discretion. Because man is sinful, there should be a Redeemer to save us. It was the mission of Jesus Christ to save us from darkness.In our probationary earthly life, we should follow His example in order to be saved. We must do our part because He had through with(p) his. 4 Salvation is a publication that will enlighten us how essential it is to gain eternal life for progression. tincture is very scary and no one will ever want to live in that state. Basically, when we do not follow the deliverer, we will live in darkness and not in His presence. We should be appreciative of our faith and belief in Jesus Christ and work through the instruction of our communeer that all men will gain eternal life (Pulvermacher 1).As the will of God is to save us with our family, we must work hand in hand with family members to attain this goal. It is not the will of our Savior that our families will disintegrate. We are responsible for each member of our family. If this will be followed, then all people in this world will live in harmony. There are so m both Christ- care attributes that we need to follow in order for us to be saved. In the presence of our God, He wanted that His children will love one another. Love will effect to happiness and harmony. Peace will be attained.These attributes are inherent in man for the reason that we are created in the mental picture of God. We are heirs of His being as we are His children. However, we may not give heed to it because we were given the freedom to choose amid right and wrong. The attributes that I am lecture more or less are charity, obedience, service, humility and endurance. If a person is willing to practice all these virtues, he will surely do good things. By faith and prayer, it is not difficult to practice all of these. It will start with our love of the Savior because if we love Him, we will not do things that will hurt Him.But before we come to know about these attributes, we must know first some principles that we need to follow. It include baptism in the chassis of Jesus Christ, offerings and scriptures. Baptism is very important because it will allow any person to have a good relationship with the Savior. It comprises of covenants that we want to do for Him. In baptism, we tend to take the name of Jesus Christ as the savior, we can always remember Him, keep His commandments that are write in the  Bible and endure to do good things until the end of life.Baptism is immersion in t o exemplify that we are born again in His name and that our sins are left in the amnionic fluid when we rise. 5 That was a simple idea of baptism but it will give us an impression that it is relevant because we know that the Savior Himself was baptized in the waters of Jordan. We should likewise offer our tithes and offerings in the church building so that we can please God. Ironically, we can think God do not need money. He is all powerful and as such, He can even create money. But, this offerings that I am talking about can be used generally to aid the poor and the needy.Reading the scriptures is the most important means of communication between man and God. It is in the scriptures that we know about His teachings and principles. Parables of the Savior are written in the scriptures for us to emulate and apply in our lives. Without the scriptures like the bible and other readings on Christianity, salvation will be hard to attain. It has been the basis of assumeing and knowing the Savior better and with our labor spread the good news to all the people. Charity is very impressive to practice as it comprises of all good works that a man needed to attain eternal life.It involves diligence in everything that happens in life, not being envious to the things others are into, not being easily provoked by any one and not to think baffling things about other people. A tender-hearted person knows how to approach a very unkind person. He is very heartfelt as he should leave everything to God when something bad was done against him Being amenable is very hard as naturally, man do not want to be ruled by any one. He wants to do things in his own way. However, God is the maker of wisdom . He is the armorer of knowledge. As such. Th ere are so many things that we do not know that He knows.Why cant we trust Him instead? Like Jesus Christ, our Father in heaven sent here on earth to minister His children and save them also. Knowing the pains of crucifixion, Jesus Christ did not decline to the order of His father. It has been the most difficult task God has asked for a person under His power and authentically it was more than we are to experience in life. Thus, we can do good things in this life no proceeds how difficult the situation we are into. 6 In this world, service is the balancing act of survival. There are things that we cannot do at a time that others will do for us.If we know how to go, we can be saved. In the kingdom of God, service is the source of faith because through it, we tend to exercise our love to God. We exercise other people because we love them and the one who created them. We want things to be easy for all of us. Being selfish is like living in an island. Even the slightest need of ove rcoming any state of life needs service. We serve by means of helping in sharing the Gospel of Jesus Christ, by helping the poor and the needy, by share our country where we belong, by serving the sick and taking care of the aged.These are basic things to accomplish but are scarce to do. Remember that Jesus Christ lived in this world by helping the poor and the needy, the sick people and helpless children as He was fond of them. Service cannot be fully achieved without exercising humility. It is not essential of who we are in order to serve. Jesus Christ came into the world as a servant even if He was thus the Prince of Peace as the son of God. Ironically, we are supposed to serve Him. However, the wisdom of the professional teaches us that being humble is the unveiling of a blessed service.Hence, we should serve with humility in order to be dreadful before the eyes of God. Such service should come from our very hearts. As all of these things are hard to practice, we must endu re. Should the Savior choose to decline the mission given by God to Him, our salvation would not be possible by now. The reach that He gave us is a result of long suffering and endurance Now, as discussed earlier we knew that people can hope sin because of the freedom to choose between good and evil. It has a connection with remorse as being taught by Jesus Christ to the people.We must repent of our sins. When we pray we must tell God and admit to Him that we sinned. We must express our intention not to repeat the same mistake again. Our God is full of mercy and He will surely forgive us of our sins if only we are sincere in asking forgiveness. 7 Conclusion In my manifestation of the Gospel to Christianity, I am so aware that people have contrasting beliefs in their lives. Normally, they will believe what they know from the teachings of their parents and then to the Church where they belong. I do not blame this people because they are entitled to their own beliefs.However, in this paper, I am also concerned of the opportunity that I can share important points of the Gospel of Jesus Christ and convert any one that we are so in the mercy of our Redeemer. No matter how good we are, if we do not pack Jesus Christ in our lives through baptism and the corresponding commandments that is part of it, we cannot be saved. Salvation is something that we need to work on. It is not given in a silver platter. The sacrifice that Jesus Christ gave for us to be saved will complete our efforts to be saved. The idea of heaven is very fulfilling because in essence we all want to live there.It is up to us if we truly want to prepare in this life to attain it. If we do not work dapple we are dominating our physical body, we great power lose the opportunity when we die. It is respectfully recommended that we study the scriptures often. It is our constant guide in the gospel. We should pray every time we feel like praying for that is a very special invitation that we feel i n our hearts to come circumferent to Jesus Christ. Finally, I salute those righteous people who are already charge Jesus Christ in their hearts and already following His gospel.We should not forget that in everything we do in His name, there are oppositions lurking behind it that we need to overcome. Temptations to do bad should not hinder us in living with Jesus Christ through eternity. Eternity would only be a long time if we do not know how to endure to the end. together with our families and friends, let us freely live the gospel of Jesus Christ. 8 plant life CitedPalmer, Ken. 11 November 2007. Life of Christ. 20 November 2007. < http //www. lifeofchrist. com/life/lifescan/. Pulvermacher, Luclan. 8 December 1978. The Catholic Church and Salvation. 20 November 2007. < http//www. truecatholic. org/cathsalv. htm.

'Magazine articles Essay\r'

'This composition summarizes both conditions related to physics. One, written by Appell David, discussing the possibility of our planet reality, universe engulfed by lie, in the end. Second, is a intelligence serv glassful item, on the largest Neutrino telescopic being built at the southwesterly Pole. Both articles produce appeared in the magazine, ‘ learnedness Daily’. In the first article, the source claims that the scientific community believes that the sun is expanding qualification itself more brighter. After billions of years, it would expand so much that it would engulf earth. To be precise, â€Å" almost 7. 6 billion years from now, the sun go outside(a)\r\nreach its maximum size as a red monster: its approach lead extend beyond Earth’s orbit today by 20 percent and will shine 3,000 times brighter. In its final stage, the sun will collapse into a white dwarf ”. ( David Appell) This theory was disagreed on the basis that, as solari ze expands, it will be loosing on its mass, and due that the sobriety force will besides be reduced. Hence, as the gravitation force reduces, Earth will be drifting away from Sun, and hence, maybe able to escape the engulfment. However, modern calculations, based on the perturbation theory, released by Italy’s\r\nNational Institute of thermonuclear Physics, by Lorenzo Lorio, tend to agree with this theory. The work out that tends credibility to his argument is not his human action game, but his statement that as Sun loses mass and expands, its rotation must also slow down. This is known as angular momentum, in simple terms. Due to this angular momentum, there will be a huge tidal bow on sun’s surface, and its gravitational back down will engulf Earth. Hence, all ethereal bodies, within a distance of 1. 5 AU will be engulfed. This article throws a new crystallize on our futuristic cosmic vision, using article of belief of physics,\r\nwhich quite old. Now, th e concept of angular momentum, stern be used to depict the succeeding(a) of celestial bodies also. This was not the case so far. The second article is a word of honor report, on work being with with(p) University of Delaware, in the South pole, regarding erection of domain of a function’s largest neutrino scope. Neutrino, is one of the fundamental constituents of matter, they have no charge and interact very weakly, so they can travel millions of mis through space. They can pass through planets also. The work principle of this telescope is radically divergent from the conventional ones.\r\nâ€Å"consists of kilometer-long strings of 60 opthalmic detectors frozen more than a mile wakeless in the Antarctic ice like beads on a necklace. Atop each string of deep detectors sits a pair of 600-gallon Ice-Top tanks, each containing two optical detectors”. (Science news) The ice-top detectors measure the particles that are generated by the high-energy cosmic rays th at are perpetually being showered from the cosmos, towards earth. Whe neer a flash of light is detected, the nearby laboratory receives the communication, and its multiplication is traced. This genesis could be way an exploding star or a the black hole.\r\nThe learning derived from this news report is the drastic pace at which research methods are changing and being innovated upon. This new research method, of mounting a telescope beneath the ocean, may alter the definition of telescope also, because, conventionally. , a telescope is a instrument on the surface of Earth, facing the skies !!! It also reminds us of the never ending human thirst for acquisition of knowledge, in all spheres, including the terrestrial space. To gruntle this thirst, he constantly keeps on lineage and experimenting with new means and methods.\r\nRenaissance, and the subsequent growth of subordinate equipment systems, ahs changed the very way we get going our lives !!!\r\nReferences: 1) Appell David, ( September 2008), â€Å" The sun will eventually engulf Earth-maybe”, retrieved on 11 celestial latitude 2008 from : < http://www. sciam. com/article. cfm? id=the-sun-will-eventually-engulf-earth- maybe> 2) Science news, ( 11 declination 2008) Building world’s largest Neutrino ambit at South Pole, Science Daily, retrieved on 12 December 2008 from: < http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2008/12/081209221746. htm >\r\n'

'An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Summary\r'

' unhappy Ending I think that the answer of Ambrose Bierce’s story, â€Å"An Occurrence at beak creek Bridge,” was credible because Bierce hints that Peyton Farquhar, the main character, is breathless throughout his journey. If the lector pays close aid to the story, it becomes obvious that the escape is imagined and he is genuinely going to be hanged. The first office of evidence that Farquhar is hallucinating is how uncognizant he is of his own struggle to redundant himself underwater.Farquhar states that â€Å"he was not conscious of an effort, exclusively a sharp trouble in his wrist joint [told] him that he was trying to free his hands” suggesting that he isn’t actually cognisant of his own attempts at escape (Bierce 493). well-nigh may argue that Farquhar wasn’t aware of his effort because he had an adrenaline rush, but the injuries are too close to the injuries of a hanging to be ignored. The second humankind of evidence that Farquhar didn’t escape is the pain in his neck and head.As he is engagement to get free, Farquhar describes how â€Å"his neck ached horribly; [and] his mental capacity was on fire” (Bierce 494). A mortal struggling at the end of a hanging rope would experience the like pain. He simply imagines breaking free as he dies, but in reality, the intense pain is caused from the noose change and eventually choking Farquhar. His freedom blow is clearly a dying dream. The one-third piece of evidence that proves that Farquhar imagined his freedom is the incredulous detailed description of nature.There is no physique of adrenaline rush that could show the â€Å"prismatic colors in all the dewdrops upon a million blades of grass” just for Farquhar (Bierce 494). It is much probable that Farquhar imagined his escape right as he strangled to death. In conclusion, the polish of â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” was credible and powerful because it hints to the reader that Farquhar doesn’t survive and merely dreams of the good-looking escape from his horrible fate.\r\n'

'A Hard Days Night\r'

'Music is 1 of the Great Britains most marvelous contri andions to the world, nonwithstanding the tendency of practice of medicineal comedy movements over the make it four decades to spawn cultures that appear to virtuously damage the social norms, especially on the youth. Much of the phenomenon can be attributed to the advent and development of tele throw offing as a medium of discourse, for video recording receiver has vastly catapulted the calling of democratic role players to a whole parvenu level. In a similar magnitude, point has besides projected negative implications on how common people treat celebrities.\r\n together with video recording, flick has dehumanized celebrities in much(prenominal) a look that society and culture, especially in the west, pay eventually nurtured television viewers with mindless con sourity to the media as well as a full developed system of glorifying celebrities and their radical behavior. The tremors of stagger media and cinema have produced the concept of superficiality and prejudice as a primer coat for popularity. It is quite evident on how scene stars, melodyians, athletes, and commercialised models are treated in restaurants and other prevalent behinds.\r\nThe motion submit A ambitious Days Night, for instance, exemplifies and tackles the backlash of the demean nature of popularity as felt by celebrities in a personal level since they themselves feel the luxury of a principle life gradually departing from them. The context of the moving picture is inclined on the idea that the visual elements provided by cinema and television establish a following of a exceptional artist or group of artists establish on appearance and not on talent.\r\nIn analysis of the growing problem, Kevin Donnellys British Film Music and Musicals emphasizes the phenomenon of how A Hard Days Night became the antidote to the venom brought well-nigh by cinema and televisions visuals in such a way that the focus is much on The Beatles unison as the teller instead of the plot or the cast themselves (Donnelly, 2007). Contrary to other considers involving music artists such as the legendary Elvis Presley who has been the wop pig of scud makers who did nothing but to exploit his popularity in word picture.\r\nDonnelly writes that the film some connects viewers to the band by means of the musical comedy comedy score which goes glove in hand with the situation and emotions that the films scenes raise (2007). The songs suggest how the Beatles turn away about the fringe benefits of popularity piece dealings with the punishing nature of their duties such as recording and touring. The virtual contact also happens as the motion picture shares the bands brute(a) torments of having a celebrity life while sacrificing their personal goals and interests.\r\nThe visual technologies of cinema and film indeed contribute to the actuality that such mediums of communication make deities out of c elebrities. In this sense, A Hard Days Night represents and reflects the the star-making machinery around The Beatles in such a way that it documents of The Beatles misadventures in the United States during the peak of their go. The bands grasp with commercial success were represented through encounters of chase by law enforcers and a swarm of fans as well as their appearances on press conferences, endeavors with their agents, and hotel life (Balio, 1987).\r\nTherefore, Such hatful are quite similar to the shimmys of newfangled celebrities being sighted and chased on world places or being arrested for operate fast and under the influence of psychedelic substances. A Hard Days Night, meanwhile celebrates the bands stardom in a different manner, by highlighting the bands versatility as musicians since part of the film captures the bands current compositions at the time, being played during radiation pattern sessions, exist performances, and informal set-ups (Balio, 1987). \r\nThe films distinct draw close to the topic subjects the tendency of visuals such as film and television as career boosters in such a way that the showcase of the bands talent through live performances are shown, unlike traditional musician oriented films which make use of the artists preserve material. In a corresponding approach, A Hard Days Night together with the film and television industry serve as a mockery of the star-making machinery around The Beatles as well as other celebrities and popular personalities, primarily because music is an art form which stimulates appreciation through hearing.\r\nAs such, the devote medium of communication for expressing the art of music and recording artists is supposed to be the radio, not television, film, and definitely not print. The motion picture also insults the The Beatles as artists by humorously tackling the problem of pop fame, which the band members experience, through a medium that caused such a plague in the first place ( Glynn, 2005).\r\nIn addition, the polluting nature of television and cinema has once again made its mien felt as the visuals have proven to be useful aids in exploiting artists and promoting the developed system of idolizing celebrities, which is in this case happens to be The Beatles. Furthermore, the visuals provided by television and film entombs true musical talent by taking away the recording artists musical credibility (Frith, 2002). Simon Frith (2002) however implies that rock is to be understood as a television product.\r\nThe key elements and features of television and film, for Frith, have configured the manner of how the audience perceive music and musicians. Simon Frith writes that television has become largely creditworthy in the field of star-making for the reason that television with its emphasis on close-ups of the performer and musical virtuosity, particular types of staging and spectacle has added flavor to musicians as celebrated public figures (2002).\r\nFrith also adds that the emergeance of music networks such as Music picture together with several music think television programs such as fade of the Pops have also aided artists in terms of promotion which affects components of stardom such as record sales and chart ratings (Frith, 2002). The advent of technology has indeed influenced the the norms and standards for treatment of celebrities.\r\nVisuals, in an unimaginable, have added spice to musicians as attractions to the public eye, with it, the innovation of promotion for recording artists have revolutionized. Regardless if the careens brought about by the television and motion picture industry to the public status of career musicians have confirmative or negative undertones, the bottom-line still goes discomfit to a particular point, change. A change that has been felt almost half a century after it has long been innovated and practiced.\r\n'

'Jay Gatsby-Pathetic or Romantic Essay\r'

'Jay Gatsby, undoubtedly the most love-stricken extension in The Great Gatsby, has shown moments of both hopeless love affair and over-obsessiveness. He has based the one-time(prenominal) five historic period on a woman whom he has met lone around(prenominal) once and might never meet again. His delusive conceive of of someday courting this â€Å"golden misfire” has clouded his mind and made him act only(prenominal) in pursuit of this fantasy.\r\nJay Gatsby is a cockamamie source because he allowed himself to be consumed by his illusion that he and Daisy might ever end up together. â€Å"Gatsby bought that crime syndicate so that Daisy would be just across the bay. ” A stalker is defined as a person who follows or observes a person persistently, especially come on of obsession or derangement, Jay Gatsbys’ â€Å"scrapbook” with â€Å" a lot of clippings” and pictures close Daisy shows that he has been following, and keeping track of, h er movements for quite some time.\r\nAt this point in the story, the question of feel might come into play, a person who advance Gatsby as a romantic can solicit that perhaps he meant to give the scrapbook as a gift to Daisy when he saw her again, however, there is excessively a more menacing interpretation of this event, a man sitting in his living elbow room feverishly hunting through newspapers and magazines for a coup doeil of, or a story most, his prey. His â€Å"collection” very shows the depravity and desperation of a paltry man.\r\nResorting to an exertion at bribery to get what he wants is some other way for Gatsby to show that there is no mend to what he would do to meet Daisy again. Again, the argument could be made that Gatsby was simply trying to help a friend, yet if snick did not have something he coveted, contact with Daisy, Gatsby never would have offered to help Nick â€Å"pick up a nice stain of money”. Nick may have denied Gatsbys†™ help, notwithstanding he did set up a shock between Daisy and Gatsby. At Nicks’ sign of the zodiac, before Daisy’s’ arrival, Gatsby is in a fervor trying to make the house acceptable for the meeting.\r\nPerhaps this was an attempt to seem valuable of her attention but more likely, this was Gatsby trying to view more important than he actually is, as was his flashy introduction to his home. Trying too strenuous to impress someone is definitely a pathetic act. â€Å"I know of nothing more evil and pathetic than a man who devotes all the hours of the open-eyed day to the making of money for money’s sake. ” †John D. Rockefeller. The same could be said about a person who devotes five years of his feeling on a longshot.\r\nHis dream is a longshot because in order for it to work, Daisy must be unhappy with her brotherhood enough to want to give up a life of luxury for a life of love. bandage she flirts with Gatsby, she is just doing it to get back at turkey cock for having an affair. While she may appear to be discontentment with her marriage, she would never truly want to give up living in the lap of luxury. Everything Gatsby did in the past five years was based on the dream that he and Daisy would be together, a romantic communicate but in the end a pathetic decision for a pathetic man.\r\n'

'Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice\r'

'PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES in the APPLICATION of CRIMINAL judge Mark P. Robertson Deviant bearing Instructor Tomasina build EMPIRE STATE COLLEGE July 30, 2012 on that point be just about(prenominal) Psychosocial Theories pertaining to human behavior. The relation of some of these theories flock be directly applied to the Criminal evaluator field. Theories concentre on why some behavior develops, when and where the increment contracts, who is affected by it and whitethorn be oddly much susceptible, what signs or behaviors to look for, and what may be done to prevent it.\r\nPsychologist Terrie Mof diet proposed her Developmental Theory identifying devil learningal ‘paths’ or ‘ recitations’ in which an individual may exhibit. Moffitt claims that distressing behavior can mainly be classified into one of these categories. Moffitt states that the ‘Life-Course-Persistent (LCP) offender’ continues their antisocial ways and behavior acro ss or throughout each(prenominal) kinds of conditions and situations, and throughout the life course (or life span).\r\nThis is a developmental path in which the offender envisions miscellaneous psychological and antisocial difficulty, and defiance on a consistent basis at an early age, on through spring chicken and adolescence, and further into due date and beyond. It appears as though once LCP’s become snarly in a deviant and offensive life style they continue and increase their offending as they twist older. Young infantren as LCP’s a good deal show evidence of this developmental ‘path’ in ways much(prenominal) as wild temper tantrums and sensory system swings, to biting and hitting.\r\nAs juveniles, LCP’s show signs such as truancy, shoplifting and substance abuse. This may front like rather common or slenderly ‘normal’ behavior for many jr. individuals, and in many cases it is. However, when the young soulfulness o r adolescent does non ‘grow-out’ of this phase or behavioral ‘pattern’, it can progress into adulthood. The adult LCP may lots develop such behavior as robbery, rape, child abuse, even murder. Adult LCP’s show proud levels of antisocial behavior, and are almost exclusively virile in gender.\r\nYou can read also Justice System Position Paper\r\nThe offending great power even escalate, with the offenses and behavior becoming to a greater extent tough in nature, more than erratic, and unpredictable. As stated earlier, some criminal behavior may be seen or viewed as relatively ‘normal’ behavior for younger individuals, especially males. In fact, most young individuals do ‘grow-up and out’ of this, and choose (whether voluntarily or involuntarily) some other developmental pathway. They may offend or pageant some type of criminal or ‘ pestilential’ behavior as children, adolescents, or young adults, mer ely usually stop in their late-teens to early twenties.\r\nTerrie Moffitt states that these ‘ offsprings’ are ‘Adolescent-Limited (AL) offenders’, and these individuals usually do not take a leak or display the early developmental, persistent antisocial, or enigma behavioral histories as their LCP counterparts. However the case may be, there is an occasional commonality between LCP and AL youth. Often times, the frequency and severity of offending among LCP and AL youth, is ‘mirrored’. The patterns of offending between them can be almost identical, but with the onset of young adulthood looming near, these patterns then abruptly change.\r\nFor many reasons, the AL youth realizes that continued offending will not contribute to any sort of positive outcome, and he or she then stops. Ultimately, when applied in a criminal justice setting, Moffitt’s developmental surmise of the LCP person and the AL person shows that the AL ‘crimina ls’ or ‘delinquents’ have the ability, or at the very least, are more likely to regain control of their lives. They desist in their malevolent and/or devious behavior when they perplex to mature and evolve into a more social, conventional, realistic, and ‘ satisfying’ person.\r\nThe LCP ‘criminal’ or ‘delinquent’ maintains their malevolent behavior, mayhap and usually escalating into a more antisocial, unpredictable and mordacious person. LCP’s generally have long histories work with aggressive and violent plagues, with genuine ‘disregard’ for legality, present as a ‘threat’ to everyone. Psychologist Erik Erikson proposed another theory of Psychosocial Development, which focuses on ‘Stages’. He states that each correspond plays a major role in the development of temper and psychological ‘skills’.\r\nErikson says there are a serial of eight stages, coinciding with infancy to late adulthood, in which a person experiences different ‘challenges’. Each stage requires the successful completion of the prior stage to prevail onto the next, otherwise incomplete stages may reappear in the future and pose potential problems. However, absolute apotheosis or mastery of a stage is not necessary. Erikson’s developmental stages are as follows: 1. Hopes: religion vs. Mistrust (Oral-Sensory, Birth †2 yrs) 2. Will: shore leave vs. Shame & Doubt (Muscular-Anal, 2 -4 yrs) 3. occasion: Initiative vs. Guilt (Locomotor-Genital, Preschool, 4 -5 yrs) 4.\r\nCompetence: pains vs. Inferiority (Latency, 5 †12 yrs) 5. Fidelity: individuality vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, 13 †19 yrs) 6. contend: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood, 20 †24, or 20 †40 yrs) 7. Care: Generativist vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 25 †64, or 40 †64 yrs) 8. Wisdom: Ego equity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood, 65 †de ath) In regards to Erik Erikson’s developmental theory of the ‘Stages’, there is particular importance in relation to the criminal justice field. Stage 5, (Fidelity: individuation vs. Role Confusion) plays a key role in psychosocial ability and behavior. ‘Identity’ is unique to every individual.\r\nThere may be a distinct correlativity between identity and why some peck stray from the ‘norms’ of society and venture off into a life of deviant or criminal activity. This is especially true when it involves young tribe. Young people/persons are quite easily influenced, and impressionable. It is a very life-sustaining and important time in one’s life, trapped somewhere between childhood and adulthood. It is a period of extreme change, extreme choices, and big decisions. wish of one’s own identity, confusion, and the need and longing to belong, or to ‘fit in’ somewhere, can and much does provoke irrational t hought.\r\nThe inability or difficulty to become accepted by one’s peers gives way to potentially ‘bad’ choices. This can be especially difficult for certain(a) cultural, ethnic, and societal groups. For example, inner-city youth (regardless of race) who grow up in areas with higher crime rates and/or criminal activity, or lower-income families (many with except one parental figure) are by default, at higher take chances of ‘exposure’ to criminal activity. They in essence, have little or almost no chance of meeting or interacting with (or being influenced by) mortal from the suburbs, or the country (rural areas), where criminal activity is lower.\r\nThese inner-city youths are more frequently exposed to crime (it is sometimes all they see and know), and without ‘positive’ influence, they are more susceptible to adopt an ‘identity’ relative and fit to what they experience on a regular basis. They bank that is the Ã¢â‚¬Ë œnorm’ and in turn, they tend to lean towards what they believe. or else than having no identity at all, and having the desire to ‘fit in’ somewhere, they naturally fall into place. Unfortunately, the choice(s) for these youths are often very limited, and this is a major problem. This may be a reason why Hans J.\r\nEysenck develop his psychosocial development theory of genius and Crime. Hans J. Eysenck’s theory is regarded as one of the most influential psychological perspectives on crime today. (Cale, 2006) Eysenck states that criminal behavior is the result of an fundamental interaction between certain environmental conditions and certain features of the unquiet system. In other words, certain types of personalities, combined with certain types of surroundings, lead to certain types of criminal activity. This equates to a holy combination of attributes which are a recipe for juvenile, delinquent, and/or criminal behavior.\r\nThis theory is unlike mos t modern theories of crime, because Eysenck heavily emphasizes that genetic predispositions are largely obligated for antisocial and criminal conduct. Theoretically, some people are just ‘born different’ from the majority of the population, and their genetics result in their inability to adapt and align to society’s rules, regulations, and expectancies. Therein lays the problem. To financial aid Eysenck in measuring different variables of, and predisposure to commit crimes and offenses, he developed several(prenominal) ‘questionnaires’. The best known questionnaire would be the British Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI).\r\nAdditional editions would be the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R). These questionnaires can be very helpful in providing researchers with valuable sagacity on how personality traits may coincide with unrighteousness however it is not yet ‘conclusive’ research. Although Eysenck’s theory of Personality and Crime cannot be definitively proven, it is be quiet worth looking at. Criminal justice practitioners would be wise to examine and contemplate its useful and unique suggestions.\r\nWhile there are still several theories on psychosocial development to be discussed, Gerald Patterson’s ‘compulsion Developmental Theory’ is in alignment with Terrie Moffitt’s theory. Patterson states and believes that ‘early starters are at greater risk for more serious criminal offending’. (Bartol and Bartol, p. 65) Patterson theorizes that date early starters are at greater risk, he focuses on how the parents and their roles with their children are more important, and much more instrumental. Essentially when young children experience different types of ‘traumatic’ events (e. g. ivorce, family violence, inconsistent parental discipline), they are prone to or are at greater likelihood to begin using or displaying ‘ irresponsible behavior’. supreme behavior can become the child’s way of avoiding or escaping his or her immediate (parental, social) environment. This ‘coercive’ behavior could be as minor or unassuming as lying, temper tantrums, or whining. lastly this coercive behavior becomes the child’s ‘go to’ strategy to obtain the desired result(s) he or she wants. If left unchecked, or uncorrected by parents, the problem behavior can be prolonged, well into adolescence and on to adulthood.\r\nYou can read also King v Cogdon\r\nTherefore, parents need to gain and maintain control, in a non-threatening, non-demanding, appropriate way, as early as the coercive behavior is recognized. Summarizing that society has no shortage of people with some type of developmental disability that inhibits or prohibits their behavior, it can usually be traced back or down to its source . In conclusion, the theories discussed here can assist in narrowing down the ‘root’ causes of or perhaps the reasons why some individuals seem to snub astray from societal normality.\r\nWhether the causes or reasons are psychological, developmental, or environmental in nature, criminal justice practitioners can utilize these theories to evaluate, and possibly explain the behavior of those in question. REFERENCES, NOTES, and CITATIONS 1. Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial Approach, 8th Edition, By: Bartol and Bartol 2. Generalist Case Management: A order of Human Service Delivery, 3rd Edition, By: Woodside and McClam 3. Online question on Juvenile Delinquency and Criminal Behavior http://www. fbi. gov. juveniledelinquency. icr\r\n'

'Discuss the themes of identity explored Essay\r'

'Identity is made up of individual officeistics by which a person is recognized individu each(prenominal)y, as a member of a group, and of a wider society. We can draw this individuation from our environment and compass, different individuals, memory, and also by contrast and similarities. Identity is infallible to give commonwealth the ability to know who they are and to exude their individuality, as a form of earth, upon others. The forms of individuation operator operator explored in these ii plays are; the confirmation of identity and the sense of ego. We can then maintain our identity by having physical identification and keeping face-to-face relationships.\r\nThe search for identity is a theme in Sophocles’ Ancient Greek tragedy, â€Å" tycoon Oedipus”. Oedipus lacks sense of self because of a curse set upon him from birth. Before he was born, a curse stated that he would converge the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his mother. The pla y focuses on the gradual and delayed revelation of this oracle that he has already fulfilled. Moreover, it specifically focuses on Oedipus’ quest for his inner identity.\r\nIn â€Å"King Oedipus”, Oedipus has drawn his identity from his surroundings. The setting of the palace, the riches, and the status define Oedipus, which is one reason as to why he is very confident at the beginning of the play. He also exudes assertion because he had previously saved the city of Thebes from the curse of the Sphinx and became king. However, his confidence is ironic, because he begins to question â€Å"who am I?” as his quest for the identity of the murderer of King Laius is wear his testify identity. Therefore, the revelation that Oedipus was the man who killed his real father, King Laius, married his true mother, the Queen, and raised a family by dint of incest, begins to erode his confidence. Further evidence of this loss of identity is presented, when Oedipus goes thr ough this discovery that he has fulfilled the prophecy. after insisting on hearing the truth, again and again, in the face of reluctant tellers, and after calling for an investigation of Laius’s murder, Oedipus regularises: â€Å"Then once more I must bring what is dark to light.”\r\nThis brave contention is ironic because it is not brave at all. The rudimentary meaning is that these words foreshadow his future contrivanceing. It is bespeak because the investigation will reveal the dark privy of his incest, which metaphorically enlightens him with the truth, therefore giving him back his identity and individuality, scarcely literally blinds him. This foreshadowing comes to the forefront when presented in the desperate tone of the comment:\r\nâ€Å"Let all come out, However vile! However fanny it be, I must unlock the secret of my birth.” At this point Oedipus realizes he can no overnight bear to look at his family, so he blinds himself by extracting his eyes with the Queen’s brooches. He is famed for his clear-sightedness and quick comprehension, which is ironic because he has been blind to the truth and is now physically blind. This blinding symbolizes that he cannot accept his true identity and has therefore disjointed his sense of self.\r\nThe search for identity is also a theme in Samuel Beckett’s â€Å"Waiting for Godot”. The character Pozzo is constantly in want of confirmation of his identity, since he does not genuinely know whether he is recognised as an individual entity by those in his surroundings. The two most frequent characters, Vladimir and estragon also deal confirmation of existence. However, this is due to the fact that they are contemplating whether they truly exist. In carry through contrast to these characters, there is Godot. He is a character that never appears, and rather than having his own obscure beliefs about his own identity, it is questioned by Vladimir and Estragon. Althoug h, he does not have a search for identity, Vladimir and Estragon question his identity.\r\nA display of the constant need for confirmation of existence is shown through the character Pozzo. He attempts to achieve this confirmation through needing to be witnessed at all times. He demonstrates this in two ship canal: through worldly possessions, and through voice. Pozzo owns many material items such(prenominal) as a watch, a slave, and a food basket with wine and chicken, which is in complete contrast to the turnips and carrots consumed daily by Vladimir and Estragon.\r\nThis contrast betwixt Vladimir and Estragon and Pozzo provide Pozzo with his identity, and because he can analyze himself to them, he knows he is Pozzo. He often consults his possessions such as his watch and his slave, he also pretends he has a need to use them like when â€Å"he puts on his glasses…he takes off his glasses.”3 Pozzo is lonely and starving for guardianship, which is why he strives for party in Lucky and attempts to stay as broad as possible in Vladimir and Estragon’s company. A strong proof for this need of attention is presented in his â€Å"|terrifying voice|”; â€Å"I am Pozzo! Pozzo! Does that name mean nothing to you? I say does that name mean nothing to you? …PPPOZZZO!”\r\nThis authorative language is a fa�ade covering his insecurities with himself, as is his use of condition and cruelty over his slave, ironically named Lucky. Pozzo knows who he is, it is unmistakable in the way he informs everyone he is â€Å"PPPOZZZO!” However, he needs confirmation of his identity from other people’s perception, which is why he always consults Vladimir and Estragon, questioning, â€Å"I am perhaps not particularly human, but who cares?”5 In this there is a gigantic lack of self-acceptance, which demonstrates Pozzo’s strongest weakness. Additionally, Pozzo wants to make an impression on whomever he me ets so that they can confirm his existence for him.\r\n'

'Alex Haley\r'

'As of now, there are millions of web identify that can be searched on by the great unwashed. It helps people to find necessity information in a split of stand by rather than to go to the library and see divide of books just to find the needed information. In intrusive the web, there are many troubles that a individual can encounter. A particular site may have the needed information but the counselling it was presented is dull that it may non attract people that are searching.From Ann-Marie Imbornoni site, she group the information on her site so that readers bequeath not get steamed in reading such a enormous biography or how she starts in making a novel and how she becomes a successful in pen a children’s story. Although it is much(prenominal) shorter and not whole necessary information was pen there, the important is about significant events like the year it was released was revealed there (Imbornoni, 2006). scarcely its undercoat color is somewhat irritat ing to the look of the visitor.Its color is so striking that a soulfulness may not able to stay extended if that soulfulness caught the attention of the downplay. And the way it was written was hunky-dory because it is very readable to anybody. The picture of Rowling is so low-down that visiting person should take a age to look at her picture. And from R. Pettinger site, he gives much tenseness on how the irritate putter around concept on the whole started. He clarifies how some scenes in the Harry Potter Book I was connected to J. K. Rowling’s bearing (R.Pettinger, 2007). It was quite long compared to Ann Marie Imbornoni’s site, but it was much cleared and unlike to her site, some events here were not that revealed like the title of each series and when it was published. Also, the background of the site was quite dull and it was not that fire to read if the reader wants to have a fairer background and at the same time information that bequeath surely gi ve that much idea. The way it was written was good because it was also readable.The picture of the writer that the origin is giving emphasis was nice because if a person visiting this site doesn’t know who is J. K. Rowling will give a clarification that she is that person. . References Imbornoni, A. -M. (2006). J. K. Rowling The story of Harry Potters creator Retrieved may 08, 2007, from http://www. factmonster. com/spot/harrycreator1. html R. Pettinger. (2007). J. K. Rowling Biography. Retrieved May 08, 2007, from http://www. biographyonline. net/writers/j_k_rowling. html\r\n'

'Addressing the Ill Effects of the Five Paragraph Theme\r'

'A student has an Idea; a capital, huge, expansive Idea. She wants to draw up about It, so she turns to the entirely right sm artifice she knows how to write. The Five Paragraph Theme. In incessantlyy(prenominal) of her years of school, she has been led to believe that it is the save neat carriage to write an essay. In the process of report her essay and forcing on the whole of her ideas into common chord principal(prenominal) topics, she loses a great deal of the important information she had antecedently planned to write about.But thats okay, she means, because at least her piece of writing is well organise and written in an â€Å" satisfying” way, right? Wrong! All their lives, students save been manipulated into accept that five paragraphs in an essay is the only way to go. In reality how ever, according to Mrs.. Kimberly Wesley, an English instructor at Berkeley Preparatory School, Tampa, Florida, becoming complacent with only being commensurate to wri te In unmatchable format â€Å"stunts the growth of human minds” (57). The FTP was meant to dish up students with their writing and organizational skills after they mastered the art of writing In Itself.Instead, whats been happening Is that t all(prenominal)ers eve release satisfied with staying on the edge of the status quo, and have f eachen back on using the evidently structured â€Å"national phenomenon” FTP as their main memoriseing method to teach their students how to write efficiently. To bring to spin an easy grading system and keep organized order in the class so students think they know what theyre doing, they have forced the belief on the children that the FTP is the only way they will ever, and should ever write essays.I myself remember on separate cause in Junior high when I would throw less than satisfactory grades mainly cause I didnt tie down expressly to the FTP. With succession, I conformed to the idea, as all of my classmates with me and before me had. Now, In high school, learning that Its non the only way to write, and that its actually desired to write In a different format, comes as a challenge as well as a relief to me.Along with so umteen others, I had unknowingly fallen prey to the complacence that came with the belief that I had learned all that my teachers wanted from me, and that besides to a greater extent complicated topics, not much more would ever be expected of me. Changing the way Ive been military rating for years will not be impossible, just now it will be an uphill road. If a teacher does not challenge a student, they will not ever reach their full potential.When students believe they must(prenominal) stay strictly in spite of appearance their guidelines for their essays, they â€Å"carry seeds of tiny thought that argon never go outed to grow,” says Wesley (58). Instead they centralise mainly on clearly summarizing the effects of any(prenominal) they were sent to write about, and not revealing much, or any opinion of their own, as it â€Å"didnt fit within the neat prescribed formula of their thesis” (58). As a result, many essays that ad the potential for great Insight were cut and pruned until only the most introductory bones remained.In other words, Instead of using It to piss an Interesting, more thought provoking essay, students channel all of their energy Into keeping wealth the confines of collar neatly connected ideas. Rather than endlessly revolving in this dry, staring them right in the face. They dont need to stick to five paragraphs. Especially when they have topics that are super complicated and must fit into, for example sise to seven scalawags. The thought of using only third ideas and five paragraphs to write six to seven page paper seems absolutely ridiculous when one truly ponders the notion.What Wesley introduces is that while thither must be an introduction, body, and conclusion, there is no set rule that says there must on ly be one paragraph for each the introduction and conclusion, and only three paragraphs that explain three ideas. As long as you have a clear introduction, body, and conclusion, you can use as many paragraphs and ideas as you like! Wesley calls this the â€Å"Rhetorical Process. ” A dependent relationship is when two organisms share or eat up after another in order to main. teach for example, the relationship between feeder shrimp and chisels.Feeder shrimp eat the organisms and plants that get caught in sharks gills. By them doing so, the shark is able to breathe efficiently, and the shrimp get nutrients that allow them to live and grow. The student and teacher have a similar symbiotic relationship. When the student works harder for the teacher, the teacher works harder for the student, and in doing so, they are both able to grow. The student responds to a teachers encouragement, and in return, the teacher responds to a students enthusiasm.When that occurs, the student g rows as an independent writer, and the teacher is allowed to pass their Job more fully. When teachers go beyond the minimum requirement and revoke the easy, cookie cutter way of teaching that turns out cookie cutter students to pass on to the next grade, but instead underframe on students strengths, work on strengthening their weaknesses, and teach each student according to their individual potential, they take up the boundaries on the students learning, and set them free.One way of proposing this change in organizing ideas is o show students different styles of writing, from different time periods and from people of all ages and backgrounds, to show them that there unfeignedly are many different ways to write. Wesley believes that when students are asked to â€Å"reflect on what format best enables them to sound their concerns and meets the needs of their audience” (60), they are encouraged to fuck off communicators, which will help them immensely out in the real worl d. Coming from a students point of view, I agree wholeheartedly.\r\n'

'Online Education\r'

'ONLINE EDUCATION: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES by Jarrod noneicke ABSTRACT On flexure cultivation is a quickly bugger offing field indoors a juicyly competitive disciplineal market. With the advances in engineering over the blend several(prenominal) eld, to a greater extent than than universities ar go an online curriculum to a diverse range of pupils. The outgrowthd petition for an coachd put to practise force; has step-upd the get retain of for make upitional nitty-gritty of genteelness beyond the pecked-d receive in- configurationroom re render. Due to this increased contain, cast of charactersations atomic crook 18 cosmos tasked with evolution a reput adjusted normal of online precept.The program ineluctably to meet the needs of the strength responsible for de bring just aboutring the significant, a development pupil base, and besides prospective employers. This bailiwick result look at the perspectives and problems submitd by both(prenominal) the talent and learners as this median(a) for command continues to grow. In doing so, we leave behind dispense a brief look at the muniment of online development and how its egress has affected schoolchilds and module, both contradictly and prescribedly. INTRODUCTION Colaris, Gibson and Harris (2008) defined quad statement as asynchronous or remote; calculating machine ground, and has an commissional frame t palpebra supports it.Contrary to what legion(predicate) people believe c be a shot, blank space tuition did non begin with the electronic age. The initial recorded instance of this jump of gentility was untold earlier. keep training method began in the United States as un eraly as the 1800s, when the University of Chicago introduced the first-year study(ip) correspondence by weapons program based on the position that the instructor and student were in contrastive locations (Seibold, 2007). From these early root words, describe bringing up has thrived in the U. S. for many reasons such as the expansive geographical space among U.S. citizens from mental homes, the great thirst of our citizens for information, and technologies’ rapid overture (Casey, 2008). The technological advancement crowd out be controln charm tracing the origins of distance statement. From the judgment of conviction of the first correspondence program in Chicago, technology has compete a major role in the advancement of distance study. During the World Wars, our federal government apt(p) radio broadcasting licenses to over 200 universities. This in unloosen both(prenominal)owed the use of radio as a medium to proffer breeding deli truly to flourish.By the early 1940’s, several schools were utilise both radio and mail correspondence to educate their students (Seibold, 2007). By the 1970’s and thru the 80’s c suitable and satellite television became a usual form of educational deliverance to distance education students. With the invention of the World Wide nett in 1992, a form of distance education referred to as online education has outright become quickly friendly (Harasim, 2000). One faeces define online education crinkles as a tier that has at least 80% of the content delivered via the lucre without handed-down categorizeroom fundamental fundamental run intoions (Dykman & group Aereere; Davis, 2008).Over the past 20 huge term, the innovations and technological advancement of the internet has caused an exp superstarntial festering and expansion in the delivery of online education. art object at first watch this whitethorn seem bewilder a overconfident advancement, in that location ar many problems associated with this saucily form of distance education. This constitution go forth counsel on the out branch of this online reading aspect of distance education and give cost these compassd pros and cons, along with the perspectives of efficiency and students besides. LITERATURE REVIEWDykman and Davis (2008) wrote a series of three document and in the second one, used for this rehunt paper, the focal point was answering the caput of how online program line is different from unoriginal methods. The article discusses topics including online line of business training and ecesis, statement constraints and guidelines, tutorials versus lectures, relationships among teachers and students, and student performance assessments. Bejerano (2008) looked at the increase trend among colleges and universities of accept the internet as a invigorated medium of education.The shift from handed-downisticisticistic schoolroom training to online larn was studied to see whether or non the students who ar taking the online manikins atomic number 18 getting a quasi(prenominal) bore of education as the tralatitious face to face students. Bejerano in like manner looks at the universities that offer online nurture and the students who code in these fleshs. In the article College outer space training Courses, Lei & adenine; Gupta (2010) evaluated the benefits and be from the perspectives of the force, student, and groundworks.Through their studies they catch found and suggested that online education maximizes and facilitates teaching more expeditiously than traditional student discipline. They write that although the benefits of online encyclopedism be great, thither be to a fault al approximately(prenominal) cost that substantive be c befull evaluated and considered. Mohamed, Hassan, and Spencer (2011) they looked at and tried to measure the perceived essays student’s see with online education. Their study developed a valid and accredited scale to measure risk of online education by using both quantitative and qualitative techniques.This study tested that the perceived risks of online education has five risk dimensions and the authors call and ex plain these five dimensions. In the query paper written by Seibold (2007), the author looked at the pros and cons of online education from several perspectives. In doing so, a brief tale of online education was given from its early beginnings as distance education through the mail to the online education we a familiar with today. Also discussed is technologies par fetch on the growth of online education. GROWTH OF ONLINE EDUCATION expertness and students be turning to the Internet and online education more and more each year to supplement, or in most c angstrom unitaigns aim replace effected approaches to classroom teaching. With the advancements in both parley technologies and the computing device itself, the internet has turned online education into a flop new tool for teaching and learning. galore(postnominal) joint that these advancements in technology suck the possibility of noveltyizing higher(prenominal)(prenominal) education with a wider reach in the marketp lace for education and increased access to educational serve for the students of divers(a) originations (Dykman & vitamin A; Davis, 2008).Online education via the collegiate aim has risen at an astounding speed, and it is doing so in shipway no one would obtain foreseen years earlier (Lei & antiophthalmic factor; Gupta, 2010). Research done by Allen & axerophthol; Seaman (2009) illust places that for six consecutive years the form of students enrolled in at least one online class has continued to grow at a rate in excess of the growth rate of higher education registrations boilers suit. Their research showed that for the at hightail it of 2008, 4. 6 billion students were enrolled online which represented a 17 percent increase over the fall of 2007. In contrast, t here(predicate) were 1. million students taking at least a minimum of one online seam in the fall of 2002. The growth of students from 2002 to 2008 represents a 19 percent yearly growth rate. Over that same c adence completion the vast majority of the collegiate student form increased at a growth each year of only 1. 5 percent. As of 2008, over 25 percent of all higher education students enrolled in at least one line of merchandise online (Allen & Seaman, 2009). Several of these students be considered to be off campus learners and ask a wide range of work experience, ages, and family circumstances.At a number of institutes of higher learning tho, close to fractional of the online students argon estimated to be in school regular and argon students that be traditionally educated in the classroom that enrolled in an online flow for reasons of scheduling or that of convenience. Most of these students ar enrolled at public state-run universities, friendship colleges and different colleges which all offer at the very least a portion of online education (Mayadas, 2009).Virtually all of the institutions of higher learning that make believe the desire and capabilities to add online courses to their curriculum ar currently doing so. The small number of schools that take over energy launch their first programs online is for the just surface-nigh contri plainlyion, small, and has a minimal impact on the overall online readjustment figures. So who is benefitting from the latest growth in online readjustments? The answer to this question is that the majority of online enrollments argon aspecter from the large, more established schools.These schools ar in a better position to be able to increase their passs of online education. The larger institutions on average teach more students online than any another(prenominal) size of school. The mean number of students who atomic number 18 enrolled online per institution has a correlation imperative to that of the actual size of the institution. The pattern whitethorn be true for both graduate and undergrad enrollment take aims’, however there is a stronger relationship among the undergraduate population.The larger institutions show a pattern of larger online enrollments which result in a greater tautness of its online students at just a few universities. As an example, 89 percent of all the online students are poring over at universities with more than one thousand online enrollments even though these institutions only make up 38 percent of the ones that offer some form of online education (Allen & Seaman, 2009). The institutions that offer these online education programs are very both public and private, as head as institutions that are for-profit like the Universities of Phoenix, Capella, and Kaplan for example.Overall, the highest rates of growth in online education are located at association colleges and in like manner at the aforementioned institutions that are for-profit. While the for-profit institutions are development at a spendthrift rate and definitely meet a capacious need, online enrollment is distillery dominated for the most part by the more traditional universities who have originated the skills, skill acceptance, and infrastructure to take them to compete efficaciously (Mayadas, 2009). CONS OF ONLINE EDUCATIONAlthough online education has grown rapidly over the past several years, to the benefit of many, it has not done so without its constituent of cost/criticisms. One of the factors of online education that is having a major negative impact to the overall acceptance of distance education is the relative ease to which anyone erect secure a degree that is actually fake. The advancement of the internet has created a rise in a new form of graduate school, the diploma mill.It has become extremely easy to create a fake university online that looks like a credible major university evidently by using fancy computer graphics and optimizing the search engine so that the school comes up on the first page of any online college searches (Seibold, 2007). Diploma mill around are considered any institutions of higher lear ning that are unregulated and grant degrees with basically few schoolman requirements, if any.Due to these so called diploma mills, other legitimate institutions offering online courses are having a hard time establishing their credibility. It was estimated in 2002 that the sale of fake degrees topped the $200 million dollar mark around the human. commercialization is some other aspect in higher education resulting in a negative impact to the perception of online education. Commercialization among institutions is on the rise and several universities are now considered to be teaching toward a trade.Many see higher education and particular(prenominal)ally online education as fitting more and more controlled by business sort of than government and because of this, courses are focused on stringently preparing for the job. This may not necessarily be a bad thing, still many say that this importunate focus on job preparation pass ons to a less rounded student (Vukelic, 2011). W ith the growth in online education, energy members see many cons in this comparatively new form of online learning. First and foremost among skill jobs is the risk of force member dishonesty change magnitude.Students that want to trailer truck will find a way to tare regardless if the class in online or in a classroom, however research found that it is frequently easier for a student to cheat in an online class (Nagel, Maniam, Leavell, 2011). The eCollege system of course management continues to make changes in regard to its software packages, however students can simply use screenshots of their test questions and save them to share with other students. For this reason, faculty must think of new ways to assess their students to visit the validity of the test results (Nagel, Maniam, Leavell, 2011). readiness in like manner efficacy find that online teaching is extremely time consuming and not as rewarding as they would like. Instituting an online class submits a good de al of organization and continuous monitoring during throughout the course. In the beginning, instructors may not be familiar or proficient with the tools and the technology that are available to them which makes the job of developing and translating the good practice’s of the classroom they are used to seeing, difficult to achieve (Bejerano, 2008).Once the course is created, instructors might find the rewards associated with the cursory fundamental interaction and student fit which is immediate in the classroom, is now lost because of time and space. Instructors a good deal lose their chance to mentor, lead, advise, and become a role model amongst students because of the loss of ad hominem interaction and communication with the student on a daily basis. This doesn’t mean that teacher and student interaction totally disappears, it is just not as fat of an interaction because the online environment is more restrictive in nature.Faculty members that hump teaching a nd are subtile at motivating and engaging their students, a great deal do not find the same dynamic with online education that allow them to show their passion and experience the joy and enthusiasm that you get from teaching face to face (Bejerano, 2008). From a student’s view, there are comparablely cons associated with online education. One of the major issues is that not all students or potential students have access to nor can they hand new computer technology.In some instances a teacher might want his or her students to participate in a chat session on the vane or discussion on the web, however a number of students might not have the ability to immediately access the internet or the message financially to obtain a computer with high speed internet, Skype, or chat capabilities (Lei & Gupta, 2010). Students are in appendix required in many cases to have an excellent go throughing of technologies and advanced skills with a computer.Oftentimes students do not have the patience for difficulties with technology that tie in to a sluggish internet connection or certain other issues colligate to a computer which results in a high level of anxiety from students evident through frequent email and voicemail messages curiously at the beginning stages of an online course. Students are afraid that they may have dribbleed of import assignments or that they are not sure of their responsibilities (Lei & Gupta, 2010). Another telephone line of online learning is that the chances for student’s social and faculty member assimilation into the learning environment or institution are minimized.These are factors that are a cognize contributor to student success. Basically, students taking an online course miss the campus experiences which link them to other students and faculty. Since this consolidation with peers and faculty is lacking, some students begin to feel isolation and alienation which could lead to students not completing their degree. However, many of these students are not aware of how key social and academic integration is and thus view online classes as a switch to in class learning and they in turn miss the face to face educational experience.The traditional classroom condition extends students with not only a great education, but it gives them a community of their peers where they can direct, interact, and be supportive of one another (Bejerano, 2008). Although there are many cons associated with online education, growth has been staggering which leads us to believe that the pros are outweighing the cons. PROS OF ONLINE EDUCATION Around the piece universities and colleges are turning to the internet as a new method of instruction at a rapid rate as seen from the rapid growth stated above. Recent research has shown that the effect of online learning has been dogmatic.Studies conducted in the area of legal, communication and social work describe no difference of significance surrounded by the traditional forms of education and that of online learning. This is true so long as the student has the proper technology and the technology works well (Seibold, 2007). In fact, the technological skills that are gained through the virtual classroom benefit the student and have become a second learning outcome. In terms of the lordly effect online education has had on educational institutions, there are important and substantive benefits that have led to the world-shattering growth levels we see today.It has become apparent to educators problematic in higher learning that the continued growth and demand of online education is changing the way instruction is delivered in a major way. Probably the most significant positive impact of the technology of online learning is that the terminal point of space and time that used to exist has been aloof for the most part by net functional capabilities. Even during the major budget crisis of the past several years, universities are still em bracing the same philosophies and educational missions which are to educate their students.The offering of online courses has allowed institutions to meet the educational needs of those students. Online classes tend to reach a broader audience with students from vary geographic areas than do the conventional classrooms. Online courses can help students who are isolated geographically, disabled, or have extremely worry schedules actually obtain a quality education. Additionally, online learning does wonders to decrease classrooms that have become overcrowded.The online classes allow faculty and institutions to present additional courses at the most popular times demanded throughout the course of the week, which maximizes the resources available that are in short supply by increasing the flexibility of scheduling class. Students that may have had a schedule conflict can simply enroll in an online course. While comparing costs between educating a student in a traditional classroom ve rsus an online course, the latter can decrease the costs of paper as well as the costs associated with photocopying since the majority of communication is done via email.Institutional costs also lessen as its students grow to be more fellowshipable about the multiple resources that are make accessible on the internet. Universities can now pass along potently with their students and faculty by electronic means which reduces costs of printing class schedules, bulletins, upcoming campus and academic events as well as other forms of advertisements. Students and educators alike believe that by using online learning technology that they are promoting the green revolution, giving them the benefit of personal satisfaction of being socially responsible (Lei & Gupta, 2010).An institution’s faculty can also benefit from the use of online learning as a tool for education. An important benefit of online education for faculty is that the online environment is both place and time ind ependent. Online learning provides professors with flexibility and convenience (Nagel, Maniam, Leavell, 2011). Due to the decreasing demand of work, an institution’s faculty is now able to present papers, attend conferences, and take part in university recruiting.An additional benefit of the online learning environment is that it trains students in the same technology that is giving global corporations a competitive advantage and allows them to build communities of international knowledge at the same time. Another positive impact of the steadily rise of online learning is that this medium provides opportunities for students and faculty to interact as well as students to interact with each other during online discussions which might promote faultfinding thinking and deep learning.By using online teams and round dodge type discussions students are sure to develop the overlap of knowledge and the construction of global communities of knowledge (Lei & Gupta, 2010). Many f aculty members feel that there is a personal dialogue that occurs among them and their students in an online classroom setting that they simply do not get in the traditional classroom. Faculty reported that by using electronic communication, students are able to be involved more than they are in a traditional in-class setting. In general, aculty perceive that students much are more relaxed and brusk in expressing their ideas when they are blogging and chatting via the internet, as hostile to face-to-face interaction in the classroom. While there are many positive aspects of online education for the institutions and faculty, students also see the positives as well. Students rely heavily on the computer and internet applications when learning in online courses. The teachers have limited face to face communication which may remove any misinterpretations that may occur manufactureable to practical poor communication skills by an instructor.Students enrolled in an online class can take the class wheresoever they are in the world. If they are taking a traditional campus course, they have to become accustomed to different classroom cultures, and form respective(a) learning styles to sustain their professors. Students often can do away with this solidus through online learning (Lei & Gupta, 2010). Another positive in the eyes of students is the flexible nature of the course and the independence they have to work at their own speed. Online students also have the ability to hold a full-time job during the day, managing their schoolwork and studying at night and on the weekends.Students can access courses and engage in online learning from anywhere in the world. Many universities are beginning to account for students with busy family and work schedules. Since many students rely on a steady stream of income to cover bills and other expenses, several universities have turned their marketing efforts to take into account the working adult’s lifestyle. Man y accredited institutions are recognizing the need for a program that is time photosensitive and are adjusting their curriculum for that reason.If students have certain family and job responsibilities but still wish to carry on with learning and developing in their career, online learning is an excellent option. Students also no long-lasting have to worry about daily parking and commuting issues associated with private road to campus. zero(prenominal) having to drive to class is a positive aspect to a student that is trying to live a more frugal and greener lifestyle. Since the materials, coursework, and teacher is accessible anytime and anywhere, there is not a need to win over to campus which thusly translates to lowering carbon emissions.Without having to travel to class, students are able to save money on blow and are able to decrease the meat of let on and tear that commuting puts on their vehicle (Nagel, Maniam, Leavell, 2011). As you can see, there are several positiv e factors that have led to the growth in online education FACULTY PERCEPTIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Whether you see online learning in a positive or negative light, it is continuing to grow at a rapid pace and many faculty members have strong touch modalitys and perspectives about it.Faculty members are attempting to adapt to the increasing demand for online education while universities and other institutions of higher education are steer toward online methods of course instruction as an answer to increasing number of student enrollments. Innovation in online education is imperative to not only meet the growing need in the marketplace for higher education, but also to sustain the continued advancement and growth of today’s institutions. In a traditional, classroom-setting education, faculty generally implements a jump outard 40-40-20 to their workload. This is in commendation to the total hours spend instructing a course.Teaching in the classroom accounts for 40% of time spen t, 40% spent on course-related research, and the lodgeing 20% of workload is dedicated to supporter (Mupinga & Maughan, 2008). This formula for teaching, however, can bring about obstacles when use to instruction of web-based courses. The inherent nature of a successful online course requires a certain level of technical â€Å"know-how”, technical support capabilities, a need for infrastructure, and an altered course organization from that of a traditional course format, which can create a significant disconnect between time spent and stipend earned.It is not difficult for one to clearly understand the concerns that faculty face when expected to provide online course instruction. Unfortunately some professors who have never instructed an online course have mistakenly believed the process would be middling easy, and flexible, unaware of the significant challenges that exist in the origination of the course program. However, often times, professors are very well aware of the technological difficulties related to online course delivery causing them to be apprehensive over dynamic in this method of education. Colaris, Gibson, & Harris, 2008) Some feel that with the increased demand of time required to effectively educate students through an online course, there should be an increase of wages to match. However, it is commonly understood by most instructors that additional compensation will not be paid for teaching an online course. Most likely it is the case that additional pay would only be applied if the course enrollment numbers become cumbrous or if the technology tools necessary for course development are not provided.These very issues of workload and pay are those that universities and other institutions absolutely must address in order to sustain successful efforts to provide an answer to the needs of online education, while maintaining a focus on achieving their own unique goals within the world of education (Orr, Pennington, & Wil liams, 2009). Additionally, as universities are continually expanding their reach, and aiming to bring in higher numbers of enrollment, pull ahead hiring of faculty is necessary to serve the student be as well as redesign and tog out innovative methods of online education (Good & Peca, 2007).Older generations of students are continually pursuit out both new skills and new knowledge to adapt to an ever-changing marketplace and stinting landscape, adding to the demand for institutions and universities to provide effective and relevant options for online education (Kolowich, 2009). Simultaneously, institutions of education are continually looking for fictive solutions to sidestep tuition hikes as they suffer the microscope of mischievous budget constraints.Aside from the technological, budget, and laging concerns that go along with an online course, an important question to ask for faculty members responsible for providing quality online instruction is whether or not the ins titutions where they are employed are effectively responding to the obstacles facing them in both think and executing the courses. Overall, most faculty members feel that the institutions are doing a satisfactory job in addressing the concerns, though there are still some specific areas that need adjustment and advancement as this welkin of education becomes higher in demand.In terms of compensation and allowance of time off, faculty are well-pleased. These are not however, typical motivating factors for educators. The faculty members at institutions of higher education tend to genuinely enjoy their profession, and are committed to furthering their careers in education. Excelling in the earth of online education instruction only adds to, and broadens the spectrum of their experience, helping them remain competitive in today’s market of higher education where online instruction is no longer just an option, but an expectation of most students seeking higher education.In lar ge part, educators are motivated by concern for meeting education needs of the students, sledding this to be the main factor that drives on-going dedication. They hold a strong interest in make sure there are ample avenues for students to acquire their degrees and complete their education in a well timed(p) fashion. Faculty of higher education believe that they are morally and ethically obligated to provide pick learning formats for the benefit of the students, while some also feel it is important for students to take part in, and experience what the environment of online learning has to offer.Generally, professors share a similar set of ranges, with compassion, caring, and consignment to their students’ education at the core, render the pauperism for teaching. Naturally, the effective development of a quality online course is a legitimate concern across the board. Simultaneously the concern of adequate time allotment is consistently a concern at hand with faculty members. When it comes to online education, a member of faculty serves both as role of instructor as well as the role of facilitator.For an instructor to make a quality online learning experience possible for the students, there is the prerequisite of a higher time commitment from that faculty member. Clearly this concern could be excuse by additional support supply to take part in the workload of online course development. The professors must be involved with the development of online courses at various levels of the process. They are the sole individuals responsible for the content to be taught in the class, but this allows them a solid soul of course structure.There are many institutions that are beginning to provide teams of developmental support to work alongside faculty members, to remove some of the pressure, as they will and so have the ability to delegate lots of the basic development activities to the support staff. For some professors who are accustomed to the freedo m and creative flexibility of teaching in a traditional setting, learning to adapt to collaboration with a course facilitator or online course development team can be reasonably of a difficult adjustment.For these, the open access to their course through the online system by administrators or other faculty can cause them to feel uneasy, devising it the change in course medium kinda challenging to accept. A loss of control at some degree exists, so this challenge to their teaching habits and preferred style of course conduct is still very real to many, even after get the hang the technology involved with instructing an online course (Dykman & Davis, 2008). However, as a professor gains experience with the technology, process, and systems of online course development, the amount of required ongoing support from other staff will decrease.Many professors feel that the learning curve in transitioning into online course instruction may be significant, but moving forward into this method of educating students is disposed(p) to the ongoing growth of their careers as well as the future(a) success of their institution. In order to support and upgrade an instructor’s success with online classes, it is best that the faculty members have a clear understand of hardly how their programs work into the bigger picture of the institution’s efforts (Orr, Pennington, & Williams, 2009).The members of faculty need to have pellucidity and specification of their institutions goals and direction to truly be fully committed to online learning. It is then possible for an instructor to ensure that his or her efforts of conceition an online course fit nicely within the framework of their institution. Just as traditional classes, it is very important for online courses to fall in line with the objectives of the school goals. By insisting that these objectives be met, an institution can communicate an unambiguous message of the value and significance of the activities crucial to web-based learning programs.This sets up the instructors for a greater level of focus in designing and implementing an online course with the same degree of passion in educating online students, as they express in instructing a traditional classroom. This can likely lead to higher student success and personal satisfaction of faculty. In addition to creating an environment to encourage internal gratification of educators’ efforts, it is essential for universities and other institutions to provide substantial outward acquaintance of instructors’ online teaching efforts by department.By instilling a stronger system of recognition for online instruction and providing an outline of how opportunity for progression is possible, instructors are more likely to increase their skills and get over online course development in such a way that meets the institutions standards and goals, ultimately fulfilling the student proboscis’s growing expectati on of high-quality online education. It is also critical that institution solicit input from the teaching faculty when addressing various quality concerns of online courses and the reality of student learning outcomes.The majority of professors want to ensure that their students receive an excellent education experience, therefore are open to accepting suggestions to improve the overall efficacy of current programs. This cooperation between instructors, staff support and administration will enhance every aspect of the overall design and delivery of online courses. In planning for an increase of online education courses to meet today’s demand, it is imperative that institutions take into account the pauperization behind faculty charged with instructing them.By clearly understanding why an instructor is driven to educate, an institution can help show them the value of teaching online. It is then possible to lead faculty members to appreciate on the button how online learning programs are critical in accomplishing the institution’s ability to offer a mixture of courses required to meet the students’ educational needs. Aiding faculty in understanding the true value of online education will increase their proficiency of online class development as well as instruction.This type of support and motivation is a key element in teaching a course online, as faculty members in general need to feel a finger that their efforts add value to the institution where they teach. Online education has become a proven method for fulfilling the learning needs of today’s students. This can be seen from its exponential growth over the past few years, and for universities and colleges planning to further develop and enhance online education courses, they stand to benefit greatly from ongoing research into methods of faculty motivation. STUDENT PERCEPTIONS & PERSPECTIVESWith online education growing like it is in universities, students are now granted the cream to attend traditional face-to-face classes or lead an online option. Today’s online education opportunities allow students to meet their educational goals in a convenient, flexible, and cost effective manner. While having a bevy of educational options open to them is great, there are many risks that students perceive to go along with the positive aspects of an online education. There is no such thing as a typical student, however online education courses tend to attract mature students hat have several demands on their time so they tend to be in particular reasonably discerning regarding their courses. This is the result of the conflicts the course could potentially create with the students’ personal and professional commitments and also because there is a tendency for students to either pay for their own education or be sponsored by their employer. Therefore institutions that provide online education must be conscious of the fact that they are dealing wit h a student body that value their education and are more than ordain to criticize the courses they feel are wasting rich money and time.These students share in the fact that they apparel a substantial amount of time, money, and effort so they are conscious of the way that their investment is being used and/or misused (Tricker, Rangecroft, & Long, 2001). As demand for online education continues to rise, online students are seeking programs with the best reputations, so it is imperative that educators strive to meet the highest standards in this regard. The risks a student perceives while making the ratiocination on whether or not to take an online class are many, especially considering those students who are new to the concept of online courses.The student may be attracted to this type of education because of its convenience, but at the same time, they may be concerned about course effectiveness, their ability to interact and communicate with their classmates, and the likeli hood of their success. Mohamed, Hassan, & Spencer (2011) define risk as â€Å"the variation in the distribution of possible outcomes, their likelihood and their arenaive values” (Mohamed, Hassan, & Spencer, 2011). The decision to take an online class can involve some risk because in doing so, there could be changeful or unexpected consequences which may be negative in nature.Potential students might wonder if they will be able to learn online as well as they do in a traditional classroom setting, whether or not they will have communication with their teachers and/or peers, if their grades may suffer, and whether they will be able to finish their course on time and so on. The perception of these various issues, accurate or not, will likely affect potential student’s intention to enroll in an online course. There is a perceived psychological risk that reflects the concern regarding the tension and discomfort that might arise due to enrollment in an online educ ation ourse. Research has shown that some online students often feel more isolated, anxious, frustrated, and confused than a traditional student does (Mohamed, Hassan, & Spencer, 2011). In addition, online education students can also experience a reduced feeling of belonging to the class and may miss the interlocking and discussions associated with a traditional university classroom. It is very important that instructors put up sensitive to the needs of the students, and have programs in place to reduce these emotional reactions by creating a culture of involvement.Finally, there is some research that suggests online students might headache they will be unable to complete their course work because of lack of discipline, self-motivation, and writing skills. Today the abrasion rates for online students are 10 to 20 percent higher than those of students in a traditional classroom setting (Dobs, Waid, & Carmen, 2009). Performance risk is related to concerns of whether the pr ogram will deliver benefits promised or perform as desired. Many students experience some form of technical problems during their course (Mohamed, Hassan, & Spencer, 2011).And at times, online students perceive instructors to be less prepared, use teaching methodologies that are not appropriate, and often give bigger workloads than are given in traditional classrooms. Online students also show less satisfaction than their counterparts on campus with the degree of interaction with their instructor and it primarily occurs when they did not grasp the material in the lecture. Additionally, online students have reported that their understanding of the subject increases at a lesser rate and the course held less value than the students participating in a traditional classroom.Further, the perceived risk of time demand involves the fear surrounding the required amount of time and the effort that is required to complete the online course. Many students see the convenience and flexibility of taking online courses as a major benefit, however for those that are full time employees or have obligations with their family; concerns often arise about the demands on their time. In a study of student perceptions in online learning performed by Eom and Wen, the study participants often complained about losing work that was previously saved, the length of assignments, and the slack off times of screen loads.Another item of note reported by online students is the frustration they felt with the time that was spent doing online administrative service tasks like ordering textbooks, advising, and library access (Eom & Wen, 2006). Students also feel a form of social risk that is related to the concern they have regarding what others will think about their degree. Students might fear that their online degree will not be accepted well by family, friends, or most importantly by employers.This perceived risk is an important hurdle that institutions face in attracting online educat ion students. Finally, the last source of perceived risks that students face is source risk. stock risk is the concern for the credibility of the institution that is offering the online education course. When students are deciding on whether or not to enroll in an online course they often worry about the reputation of the institution, the institution’s location, and whether the online program will accept other institutions communicate credits.The students also may worry that potential employers might question the value of the online education institution in comparison to an education in a traditional manner (Mohamed, Hassan, & Spencer, 2011). CONCLUSION Through the research conducted for this paper, it is evident that online education is not only here to stay but growing at a rapid pace. From the beginning of distance education in the early 1800’s to today’s online learning, the advancements in technology have been immense.This advancement in technology ha s opened up education possibilities to student’s from all walks of life and connected students from all over the world. The first people to embrace this new revolution of online learning were the educators and now with the new and improved online learning tools and amplified opportunities in education, indian lodge as a intact is being influenced in ways never seen before. As we delve into the 21st century, the implications behind this newfound educational conversion are beginning to be accepted by the public at large.With it we have seen an queer level of investment, changes in public feelings, and a indignation of (sometime not realistic) expectations regardless of the progress that has been made in altering pedagogic and institutional strategies. As we move forward, online education is no longer supplementary or peripheral, it has turned into a vital part of mainstream society (Smith & Mitry, 2008). Though we have seen that there are many pros and cons as well as varying perceptions among students and faculty, no one can deny the level of growth in online education over the years.It is plain from the growth seen that the pros are outweighing the cons as well as the rewards outweighing the risks for both faculty and students alike. Only time will tell when this explosion of growth in online enrollment and the technology advancements will level off but for now online education is here to stay and growing rapidly. Dedication to advancement and growth in online course development by institutions and instructors alike are pertinent to the future of today’s student. References Adams, J. , & DeFleur, M. (2006). The acceptability of Online spots Earned as a Credential for Obtaining Employment.Communication genteelness, 32-45. Allen, E. , & Seaman, J. (2009). Learning on Demand. The Sloan Consortium, 1-24 Bejerano, A. (2008). The Genesis and Evolution of Online Degree Programs: Who Are They for and What Have We Lost Along the mood? Communication learning, 408-414. Casey, D. (2008). The Historical Development of Distance Education Through engineering science. Tech Trends, Vol. 52, No. 2. Colaris, S. M. , Gibson, S. G. , & Harris, M. L. (2008). Technology Acceptance in an Academic Context: Faculty Acceptance of Online Education. diary of Education for Business, 355-359. Columbaro, N. & Monaghan, C. (2009). Employer Perceptions of Online Degrees: A Literature Review. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, Vol. 7, No. 1. Conceicao, S. C. O. (2006). Faculty Lived Experiences in the Online Environment. Adult Education Quarterly, 26-45. Dobbs, R. , Waid, C. , & Carmen, A. (2009). Students’ Perceptions of Online Courses †The Effect of Online Course Experience. The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 9-26. Dykman, C. , & Davis, C. (2008). Online Education Forum. Journal of Information Systems Education, Vol. 19, No. 1. Eom, S. Wen, J. (2006).The Determinants of Studentâ €™s Perceived Learning Outcomes and contentment in University Online Education: An Impirical Investigation. Decision Sciences Journal of modernistic Education, Vol. 4, No. 2. Good, K. & Peca, K. (2007). The Hidden Hypocrisy of University Faculty Regarding Online Instruction. Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue, 267-277. Lei, S. & Gupta, R. College Distance Education Courses: Evaluating Benefits and Costs from Institutional, Faculty, and Students’ Perspectives, Distance Education Vol. 130, No. 4. Maughan, G. R & Mupinga, D. M. (2008), Web-Based Instruction and CommunityCollege Faculty Workload. College Teaching, 56. Mayadas, A. (2009). Online Education Today. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, Vol. 13, No. 2. Mohamed, F. , Hassan, A. , & Spencer, B. (2011). expression and Measurement of Perceived Risk of Online Education. Academy of educational Leadership Journal, Volume 15, No. 4. Nagel, S. , Maniam, B. , & Leavell, H. (2010). Pros and Cons of Online Education for Educators and Students. International Journal of Business Research, Vol. 11, No. 6. Orr, R. , Pennington, K. , & Williams, M. R. (2009). Institutional Efforts to SupportFaculty in Online Teaching. Innovative Higher Education, 34, 257-268. Seibold, K. (2007). Employers’ Perceptions of Online Education. The University of okeh Thesis, 1-130. Smith, E. , & Mitry, D. (2008). Investigation of Higher Education: The actual Costs and Quality of Online Programs. Journal of Education for Business, 147-152. Tricker, T. , Rangecroft, M. , & Long, P. (2001). Evaluating Distance Education Courses: The Student Perception. Assessment & military rank in Higher Education, Vol. 26. Vukelic, B. (2011). Employer’s Evaluation of Online Education. DAAM International, 1471-1472.\r\n'